托福语法之词性变化

在水一方

　　下面与大家分享托福考试语法：词性变化。更多知识点也可关注下北京新东方的托福系列课程~

　　词性混淆误用一直是TOEEL考题中最重要的命题形式。它与“基本句子结构”(本书要点之1)和“平行结构”(本书要点之4)组成TOEEL命题的三大焦点。有关词性混淆的试题主要集中在written Expression (16-40题)中，命题范围包括(1)并列结构中词性一致(2)形容词与副词混淆、(3)形容词与名词混淆、(4)名词与动词混淆。其中，形容词用错的题型占此类命题的最大比例。词性混淆常考题型及解题要点1.并列连词and but or结构要求词性统一

　　全真例题分析

　　(1) Bigness. Boastful. And strong. Frontiersman Mike Fink was the subject of many folk tales. (93.3)

　　(答案) A并列连词and连接三个形容词，故(A)Bigness应改为Big。

　　(2) The success of a naval ship is determined by its seaworthiness， speedy ，and maneuverability. (92.10)

　　(答案) D并列连词and连接三个名词，而speed是形容词，故应改为speed。

　　(3) Regulation of public utilities in the United States is carried out by locally state and federal governments. (92.5)

　　(答案) D并列连词and连接三个形容词性质的词，共同修饰后面的中心词governnenrfs。而locally是副词，应改为local。

　　(4) In Middle Ages. Books called bestiaries were prepared in an attempt to describe animals， real or imagine， that exemplified human traits. (92.5)

　　(答案) B并列连词or前面是形容词real。之后亦应是形容词imaginary。

　　2.形容词错用为副词

　　解题要点形容词用来修饰说明名词或名词性成分的，而副词则可修饰除名词以外的所有词性及句子成分。

　　全真例题分析

　　(1) Animal life on Prince Edward island is confined large to ducks. Pheasants. And rabbits (93.5)

　　(答案)C修饰限定介词短语to ducks pheasants and rabbits应用副词largely。

　　(2) The General Sherman tree a giant sequoia in California， has grown to be the world*s largest plant at approximate 272 feet tall.

　　(答案) D修饰说明数词(272)应用副词approximately。

　　(3) Because its body is supported by water， the blue whale can grow to a size considerable larger than any land mammal alive today. (93.8)

　　(答案)修饰形容词短语larger than…应用副词形式considerably。

　　(4) Once an important port of entry for immigrants to the United States. Island recent reopened its great hall s a museum of immigration. (92.8)<词性是否正确，是否错用为动词。

　　全真例题分析

　　(1) The work *saga* is often application to any narration of events of the past， whether mythical or historical in character. (92.10)

　　(答案) A application应改为applied，作谓语动词的被动语态。

　　(2) Administrative assistants are often expected to make decisions， supervision staff， delegate responsibility， and work harmoniously with managers and fellow cmployces. (92.100

　　(答案) B supervision改为动词原形supervise与后面名词组成动宾

　　结构。

　　(3) Fascination by the promise of the internal engine and its application to a self-propelled vehicle， Henly Ford constructed a one-cylinder gasoline motor in 1892. (93.10)

　　(答案) A Fascination改为Fascinated，与后面的by组成过去分词短语作状语。

　　(4) From 1872 to， Alice Elvira Freeman was Dean of Women at the newly foundation University of Chicago. (93.8)

　　(答案) D foundation改为founded过去分词作定语，修饰University of Chicago

　　5.由表示词性的后缀- fur ，-tie -enc.， -ent，-tive都很可能是此题的考试焦点

　　全真例题分析

　　(1) Few theories are originality enough to be called unique. (92.10)

　　(答案) C名词originality应改为形容词original作表语。

　　(2) Height， powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players. (93.8)

　　(答案) A形容词powerful应改为名词power，与height和speed并列。

　　(3) A major purpose of scientific analysts is to idenufy and examine causal connections between independent and dependence variables. (93.1)

　　(答案) D名词dependence应改为形容词dependent，用来修饰后面的名词variables。

　　(4) A deficient of folic acid is rarely found in humans because the vitamin is contained in a wide variety of foods. (92.8)

　　(答案)A形容词deficient改为名词deficiency。作主语。

　　(5) In nature， the distributive of plants is obviously

　　related to climate. (90.8)

　　(答案) B形容词distributive改为名词distribution，用主语。

　　(6) A foreign exchange rate is a price that reflects the relative supply and demand of difference currencies. (93.5)

　　(答案) D名词difference改为形容词different，修饰后面的名词。