王石:人才是一条理性的河流,哪里有谷地,就向哪里汇聚
<p class="img-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; width: 710px; height: auto;"></p><div align="center"></div><br><p></p><div class="outline" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(60, 60, 60); box-shadow: rgb(176, 149, 120) 5px 0px 0px inset; font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; padding-left: 15px; vertical-align: baseline; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; text-align: justify;">作为管理者来讲,我觉得要把握三个原则。</p></div><div id="img-content" class="rich_media_area_primary" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">1、</span><span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder; text-indent: 2em;">强弱关系</span></p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">我曾经问过自己,给万科带来了什么?首先,选择了一个行业;其次,建立了一个制度,就是现代企业制度;最后,还培养了一个团队。这是我的作用。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">1988年,万科股份改造的时候,4100万资产做股份,40%归个人,60%归政府,明确资产的当天,我放弃了自己个人拥有的股份,一直到今天我在万科还只拥有极少的股份。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">虽然后来经历了一些问题,但我到现在终身无悔,如果到再让我选择一次我还是会放弃。所以从1995年开始评选大陆富豪100名,排第一的不时更换名字,但我从来不在100名的名单里。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">为什么这么做?首先我觉得这是自信心的表示,我选择了做一名职业经理人,不需要通过控制股权也能管理好它;其次在中国社会尤其在80年代,突然很有钱,是很危险的,从传统文化来讲,不患寡,患不均。大家都可以穷,但是不能接受突然间你很有钱了。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">在名和利上,我的本事不大,只能选一头,我就选择了名。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><img src="http://upload.iheima.com/2017/0111/1484097293825.jpg" border="0" alt="fdbcb0104e8441060e4269a14360fbfb_副本" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-style: none; max-width: 100%; height: auto;"></p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">题图:万科集团董事会主席、战略投资者 王石先生</span></p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">另外一方面,<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">我作为唯一的创始人都不要股份了,所以大家都没有要</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">。这也为万科的现代企业制度铺平了道路</span>。因为企业最难处理的永远是内部的人际关系,这其中可以分为强关系和弱关系两种。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">第一批的元老一定是强关系,早到公司三个月的就是老人。很快你就发现元老令你很难受,他们忠心耿耿,但是他们排斥新来的人。强关系形成以后你需要面临平衡新老员工的问题。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">我1983年到深圳,从1984年开始,每年最重要的事,就是平衡新人老人的关系。这么多年过去了,万科形成了一种文化,叫做弱关系文化。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">弱关系怎么维系呢,就是契约。契约有几个要求,自愿、公平、执行。按我现在的年纪,外甥、子女辈的,算下来有很多亲戚,但在万科一个没有。我当过兵,万科也没有我的部队战友,没有儿时玩伴、机关干部。所以公司员工才有公平竞争的环境。实际上万科有很多清华的、北大的,你不用和董事长认识,你只要能干就行。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">但所有的事情都没有绝对的好与坏,要看自己处于什么样的阶段。<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">创业公司刚开始什么资源都没有,需要强关系,大家一起往前走;但当渐渐有名气和资源的时候,就要开始慢慢转换为弱关系</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">2、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder; text-indent: 2em;">我管理的三原则</span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">当然,这些想法最后还是要落实在具体的做法和制度上。作为管理者来讲,我觉得要把握三个原则。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">第一个原则:<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">决策。就是一件事做不做,这是王石来决定的,否则我作为董事长或总经理就失职了</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">第二个原则:<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">要做谁去做,就是用人的问题</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">第三个原则:<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">他一旦做错了,我要承担责任</span>。这是我管理者的原则。很简单,你重用他,他做错了,那么他已经诚惶诚恐了。这时候你可以有两种态度:一种是对这个人说,你辜负了我的信任,你把事情做砸了,但这不是我的态度。<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">我的态度是你做错了,不是你的责任,是我的责任,是我让这个人做了不适合他做的事情</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">真正聪明的经理,知道下属犯错了,相反会不吭气、装傻,允许他犯点错误,当他知道错了之后,他会更努力地做,珍惜你对他的信任</span>。尤其是公司壮大了,授权实际上是非常重要的,一旦授权就不要横加干涉,但不横加干涉并不意味着连监督机制都没有。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">授权者要把握好到底什么样的错误可以犯;哪些错误是致命的,这样的错误犯一次公司就会垮掉。比如在原则问题上、道德问题上,如果还用这种毫无约束的信任,那就是放任了。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">很可能听到这,你会想这不就是「疑人不用,用人不疑」嘛。之前,在一次总裁班的讲座上,有听众问我对「疑人不用,用人不疑」的看法。我当即回答:毫无疑问,用这种方式管理企业是走不下去的。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">有人听到后问:你不是一直倡导假定善意么?那这和上面是不是自相矛盾?</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">这几年我确实一直在强调假定善意,并且这种假定得到的结果都是正面的。<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">而用在企业管理上,就要加之以辅助物,在道德层面假定善意,但在制度层面假定恶意。而这个制度上假定恶意是指在未出现问题时明确监管,出了问题后按照这个制度去解决</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">你无法保证你的部下全部是天使,或者,他们曾经是天使就能永远是天使吗?</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">从制度上假定恶就是当恶还没产生或欲望还没产生的时候,就将其抑制住。你无法要求你的部下全是天使,他会有魔鬼的一面。而我们制度的约束,就是减少他魔鬼这一面的释放</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">在万科,一位总经理在公司只要连任超过三年,一定会有一段临时审计,因为我们一般是三年调换。让你到公司总部学习20天,这20天派一个临时总经理进入。这个时候就需要有一个制度为参照,如果没有这个制度为依据,大家都含情脉脉:我相信你、信任你,你就不能辜负我的信任……这就不是一个企业了。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">当然,你用人就是因为信任他的能力才用他,而且我们还允许他有技术性的失误,因为我们自己也犯过错,也是在试错中一步步走向成功的。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">3、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder; text-indent: 2em;">万科制度的两大特色</span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">万科在制度建设有两大特色:</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">第一个特色是「规范化」</span>。万科的内部网站上有一个制度规范库,其制度主要是工作指引型的,告诉职员遇见各种状况应该如何操作,而无须层层请示。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">万科规范的制度体系使得万科内部很少出现烦琐的请示汇报,提高了工作效率,降低了内部交易成本。同时职员可以将主要精力放在工作上,而无须将过多的精力花费在与上级的沟通上。万科之所以取得骄人的业绩,有注重品牌建设的因素,也有制度建设规范化的因素</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">第二个特色是流程优先</span>。在制定每一项新制度之前,首先就考虑流程的规范。在流程中充分考虑总部与地区公司、公司各部门之间的对接;考虑最直接、有效的渠道,打破上下级之间、各部门之间的职能刚性束缚。万科的制度建设强调简洁、规范,是中国较早采用ISO9000管理体系的企业。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">每一项制度首页就是流程图,非常明晰。各业务指导程序就是工作指引和工作表格,易于执行。<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">「流程管理」是万科内部管理的一大特色,从合同审批到项目决策,均可按照流程执行</span>。员工有流程作为指导,工作起来得心应手,而不会无所适从。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">我们的具体操作模式为:<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">设定工作目标,形成工作网络;工作实施过程中以流程为指导,不受层级和职能的限制,流程规定需要由哪个部门或公司负责就由其完成</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">在万科的内部管理中,没有「职能型」和「矩阵型」之争,只有流程。<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">强调做流程型企业,强调各职能部门、各层级和各专业线服务于流程</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">4、</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder; text-indent: 2em;">用人的心态</span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">1999年,我辞职后在一定程度上投入自己的「业余爱好」,除了众所周知的重拾少年梦的激情之外,还有一个很大的原因——<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">就是以此为契机,与管理层疏离</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">没错,我是有意和万科的管理层疏离,很多人不明白这一点。在创立万科的过程中,基本上事无巨细都是亲力亲为,董事长兼总经理。但是一个人,无论你有着怎样神通广大的能力和用之不竭的精力,总有一天你要离开,这是谁都不能违背的自然规律。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">万科的成功,不是说王石在的时候就红红火火,王石不在的时候就走下坡路了,如果是这种情况的话,那么这个企业是不成熟的</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">比如说郁亮,他不懂房地产行业,因为万科原来是多元化的,主要是搞投资的,更多需要财务、金融等方面的知识。他不懂房地产,那给他配一个懂的副手不就行了?<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">当然,我们传统说法是「又红又专」,所谓「红」我觉得不仅仅是指品格,品格只是情商里其中一部分,还有包容、涵养等</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">总体来说,企业的传承是靠文化不是靠血缘,第一代老板的机遇来自于五湖四海,时值第二代,已经是全球化、国际化的平台。中国企业能不能壮大,中国的民营企业能不能发展,很大程度上取决于职业经理人的道德水平。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">中国人充满了企业家的冒险、创新意识,因此,不需要担心缺少企业家,中国要担心的是缺乏具有良好职业道德和职业行为的职业经理人</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">我不希望是我做不下去了,眼睛看不到了,我才离开;我早点放手,对我对万科都有好处。但是我辞职的时候才48岁,还年富力强,如果在公司待着,肯定是没事找事。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">所有的工作都由总经理承担了,一个董事长,如果还要插手原来作为总经理时候的事情,那不是越俎代庖、「垂帘听政」么?所以我就常常离开公司,每次离开就是一两个月。<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">当然,现在讲起来轻松,但在最初,我实际上是不大适应的</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">因为我还是董事长,所以第二天还得照常上班,可一到办公室就感觉不对劲了,觉得冷冷清清,我看了日历又看了记事本,不是节假日也没什么特殊的事情,便问秘书,人都跑哪里去了。秘书说,大家在开总经理办公会。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">我第一个反应就是,怎么没有叫我?随即意识到,我已经不是总经理了。他们开会的这段时间我便在办公室踱来踱去、抓耳挠腮,竟不知该做什么好。心里特别想冲过去看看,告诉他们,你们开你们的,我就坐在旁边听听,什么也不说。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">但转念一想,新的总经理第一次召开办公会议,如果前任总经理、现在的董事长,往那儿一坐,人家还怎么开会呢?</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">于是我只好在心里念叨,不能过去不能过去。那种感觉就好像前一天还意气风发、指点江山,第二天就让你拄着个拐棍去公园里散步,拿些老照片追忆似水年华,顺便思考思考人生——这看起来很惬意,但对于一个还年富力强的人来说,突然闲下来,好比将驰骋的野兽关进了笼子。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">当天的样子我现在想想还忍俊不禁。第一天就在不适应中过去了;到了第二天,还是很难受;第三天,仍然很难受;第四天的时候,总经理过来汇报那天的会议,说有七个要点。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">我就非常耐心也饶有兴趣地听着,第一、第二、第三……说到第三点时我说不用说了,我知道接下来第四、五、六、七点都是什么,然后反过来讲给他听。他又惊讶又困惑,问我是否去偷听了。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">实际上,他们都是我培养的部下,他们开会讨论什么,我当然心中有数。接着我又告诉他,第五点的思路是错的,第六点也不对,应该怎样怎样。总经理听完我这么说,眼睛里满是钦佩:老总没参加会议,只听我汇报了前三点就知道接下来的都是什么,并且还能指出哪里不对。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">当然,这情形让我情绪高昂起来了,不错,成就感找回来了,不参加会议都知道讲的是什么、哪里有问题。于是到了第二个星期汇报的时候,照样到了第三点,我就坐不住了,自己说了接下来几点,以及相应存在的问题。等到第三次,总经理再汇报时,我觉得他的眼睛不再放光,状态也不对了。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">看样子是感觉「反正我们想什么、讨论什么、做什么决定董事长都能猜到,与其来做汇报,还不如直接听从指示」。我一看那状态,便知道有问题了,而且这个问题还出在我的身上——一不小心做了「垂帘听政」的事。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">他汇报时已经没有最初的那种情绪、那种冲劲了。我当下决定不说话,听着他讲完,实际上讲到第三点时,我的「惯性」又来了,特别想打断他,但还是强忍住咬着舌头不说话,他似乎也掌握了我的「规律」,所以在汇报到第三点的时候等着我说话,我没说,他只好继续讲第四点、第五点,直到他说完,我忍了半天,说,我没意见。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">之后我一直在反思,我的问题到底在什么地方。第一,是不是真的准备交权?扪心自问,没人逼我,确实是真心要交;第二,既然是主动自愿地交权,为什么还不放心?因为觉得他们要犯错误。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">于是我开始说服自己,从到深圳创业至今,我有没有犯过错误呢?一直在犯。那么为什么不能允许他们犯错误?这个心态非常重要,既然我也是犯错误过来的,他们犯错误我就要宽容一些。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">如果还不等他们思考,我就直接指出问题,他们就不会再去花心思、动脑筋;如果我在最初就对问题给予纠正,他们就不会意识到后果的严重性,也不可能有进步。只有让他们亲自去经历,才能稳稳当当地进步。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">所以我让自己牢牢把握一点:<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">他们犯的错误只要不是根本性、颠覆性的,我就装傻,装作不知道。否则,我退与不退就没有什么区别,而新的接班人也不会得到成长</span>。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">其实,这些管理方式也是通过每一天的工作慢慢产生的,尤其是放权的部分,可以看到我经历了非常大的心里挣扎。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">最后,我再说一个故事。</p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: justify; background-color: rgb(250, 250, 250);">万科员工手册上有句话——人才是一条理性的河流,哪里有谷地,就向哪里汇聚。万科汇集了一批人才,这里有两层含义,<span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bolder;">一层含义人才是理性的;第二,在万科的发展当中,人才也不断流走。我觉得这才是一个企业在用人中应有的心态</span>。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 40px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font color="#696969">来源:投资人说 微信ID:touzirenshuo) <span style="line-height: 1.5;">作者:王石</span></font></p><p style="color: rgb(114, 114, 114); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 30px; box-sizing: border-box; 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